What findings characterize a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is characterized by sudden, severe abdominal or back pain accompanied by hypotension. This presentation is critical because the rupture causes significant internal bleeding, which leads to a rapid decline in blood volume and pressure. Patients often describe the pain as a tearing sensation, and the acute nature of the onset indicates a life-threatening emergency. Hypotension occurs due to the loss of blood and the body's inability to maintain adequate circulation, making immediate medical intervention necessary.

The other options describe conditions that do not typically relate to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Gradual abdominal discomfort and fever might suggest an infection or inflammatory condition, while persistent vomiting and diarrhea indicate gastrointestinal issues that are less acute. Mild flank pain and numbness could be symptomatic of other non-emergent conditions. Therefore, the hallmark signs of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm are the sudden severe pain and hypotension, crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.