What is the common antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the most effective antidote for acetaminophen overdose. It works primarily by replenishing glutathione stores in the liver, which can be depleted during acetaminophen metabolism under overdose conditions. Glutathione is crucial for the detoxification of harmful metabolites produced when acetaminophen is broken down. By enhancing the liver's ability to neutralize these toxic substances, NAC significantly reduces the risk of liver damage and improves patient outcomes.

The administration of NAC is particularly effective when given within the first 8-10 hours after the acetaminophen ingestion, but it can still provide benefits even later. Its role in the clinical management of acetaminophen toxicity has been well established, making it a key treatment in emergency medicine protocols.

Activated charcoal is a method of gastrointestinal decontamination and may be used in certain situations if administered shortly after ingestion, but it does not specifically treat the metabolic derangement caused by an acetaminophen overdose. Atropine is used to manage bradycardia or certain types of poisoning but does not have a role in acetaminophen toxicity. Calcium gluconate is primarily used for treating hypocalcemia or magnesium toxicity and is not indicated for acetaminophen overdose