What is the first step in treating a patient experiencing cardiac arrest?

Initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the first critical step in treating a patient experiencing cardiac arrest. When a patient is in cardiac arrest, their heart is not pumping effectively, leading to a lack of blood circulation and oxygen to vital organs. The primary goal of CPR is to restore partial blood flow to the brain and other vital organs until advanced medical help can take over.

Starting CPR immediately can significantly increase the chances of survival and can help to prevent brain damage due to a lack of oxygen. CPR includes chest compressions and may include rescue breaths, depending on the situation and the responder's training. This early intervention buys time for more advanced treatments to be administered, such as defibrillation or medication once emergency medical services (EMS) arrive or once the patient is in a controlled setting.

The other options, while relevant in an emergency situation, are secondary actions. Administering medication is crucial but comes after establishing basic life support through CPR. Calling for backup is essential, but it should ideally occur simultaneously or immediately after CPR initiation to ensure help is on the way while life-saving measures are being performed. Placing the patient on a stretcher is not a priority during an active cardiac arrest and could delay important interventions.