What is the first step in assessing a critically ill patient in the emergency department?

The primary survey, which consists of assessing Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABCs), is the crucial first step in evaluating a critically ill patient in the emergency department. This approach prioritizes the immediate life threats that can jeopardize a patient's survival. The primary survey allows healthcare providers to identify and manage any critical issues in the ABCs right away, ensuring that the patient's airway is open, that they are breathing adequately, and that their circulation is stable.

When facing a critically ill patient, time is of the essence, and addressing these fundamental life support measures can significantly improve outcomes. Any delays in securing the airway or performing CPR when needed could lead to further deterioration or loss of life.

In contrast, obtaining a complete patient history and performing a secondary survey are important steps but are secondary to stabilizing the patient's immediate condition. Laboratory tests also play a role in diagnosis and treatment planning but are not prioritized until after the life-threatening issues have been addressed through the primary survey.