What is the primary symptom of aortic dissection?

The primary symptom of aortic dissection is sudden, severe chest or back pain. This type of pain is often described by patients as a tearing or ripping sensation and typically occurs abruptly, often after a precipitating event such as heavy lifting or intense emotional stress. The intensity and character of the pain help differentiate aortic dissection from other types of chest pain, which may have a more gradual onset or vary in severity.

The pain in aortic dissection usually radiates to the back, particularly between the shoulder blades, which is a key feature that can aid in clinical recognition. This symptom is critical because timely identification and intervention are essential to prevent life-threatening complications associated with aortic dissection, such as rupture or impairment of blood supply to vital organs.

In contrast, gradual onset of chest pain is more often associated with other cardiac conditions like angina or myocardial infarction. Shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting may accompany aortic dissection but are not the primary symptoms. Recognizing the characteristic pain of aortic dissection is vital for emergency care providers in making timely and appropriate management decisions.